小学英语核心句型总结与朗读操练

每句例句扩展为五步操练：肯定句 → 否定句 → 疑问句 → 单数回答 → 复数回答 ｜ 适合小学中高年级
结构公式 用法要点 五步朗读操练 单复数对答
操练怎么读？ 每个操练句组按 ①肯定 → ②否定 → ③疑问 → ④单数回答 → ⑤复数回答 五步朗读。 建议读法：先整组齐读 3 遍；再分角色对读——老师问 ③ → 一个学生答 ④ → 全班齐答 ⑤。

📋 目录

  1. 陈述句——肯定句
  2. 陈述句——否定句
  3. 一般疑问句
  4. 特殊疑问句
  5. There be 句型
  6. 祈使句
  7. 感叹句
  8. 现在进行时
  9. 一般现在时
  10. 一般过去时
  11. 一般将来时
  12. 情态动词句型

01陈述句——肯定句

基本结构
主语 + 谓语动词（be动词 / 实义动词）+ 其他 .
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 1 ｜ I am a pupil.
肯定I am a pupil.我是一名小学生。
否定I am not a pupil.
疑问Are you a pupil?
单数Yes, I am./No, I am not.
复数Yes, we are./No, we are not.
操练 2 ｜ She likes apples.
肯定She likes apples.她喜欢苹果。
否定She doesn't like apples.
疑问Does she like apples?
单数Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
复数Do they like apples?—Yes, they do./No, they don't.
操练 3 ｜ They play football on Sundays.
肯定They play football on Sundays.他们星期天踢足球。
否定They don't play football on Sundays.
疑问Do they play football on Sundays?
复数Yes, they do./No, they don't.
单数Does he play football on Sundays?—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
they 本身是复数，所以复数问答在前；最后一行换成 he 做单数操练。

02陈述句——否定句

基本结构
① 主语 + be动词 + not + 其他 .
② 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 .
③ 主语 + do / does / did + not + 动词原形 + 其他 . 口诀：有 be 在 be 后加 not；有情态在情态后加 not；什么都没有就请 do/does/did 来帮忙，动词必须还原。
用法要点
朗读操练句组（从肯定句读到否定句）
操练 4 ｜ I am not late.
肯定I am late.我迟到了。
否定I am not late.我没有迟到。
疑问Are you late?
单数Yes, I am./No, I am not.
复数Yes, we are./No, we are not.
操练 5 ｜ He doesn't like cats.
肯定He likes cats.他喜欢猫。
否定He doesn't like cats.他不喜欢猫。
疑问Does he like cats?
单数Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
复数Do they like cats?—Yes, they do./No, they don't.
操练 6 ｜ We didn't go to school yesterday.
肯定We went to school yesterday.我们昨天上学了。
否定We didn't go to school yesterday.我们昨天没去上学。
疑问Did you go to school yesterday?
单数Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
复数Yes, we did./No, we didn't.
注意：didn't 后面动词还原为 go（不是 went）。

03一般疑问句

基本结构
Be动词 / 助动词(do, does, did) / 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他 ?
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 .
否定回答：No, 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + not .
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 7 ｜ Are you ten?
肯定I am ten.我十岁。
否定I am not ten.
疑问Are you ten?
单数Yes, I am./No, I am not.
复数Yes, we are./No, we are not.
操练 8 ｜ Do you like music?
肯定I like music.我喜欢音乐。
否定I don't like music.
疑问Do you like music?
单数Yes, I do./No, I don't.
复数Yes, we do./No, we don't.
操练 9 ｜ Can you swim?
肯定I can swim.我会游泳。
否定I can't swim.
疑问Can you swim?
单数Yes, I can./No, I can't.
复数Yes, we can./No, we can't.

04特殊疑问句

基本结构
疑问词（what / where / when / who / why / how ...）+ 一般疑问句语序 ?
用法要点
朗读操练句组（回答为示范答句）
操练 10 ｜ What is your name?
肯定My name is Li Lei.我叫李雷。
否定My name isn't Li Lei.
疑问What is your name?
单数My name is Li Lei./I'm Li Lei.
复数What are your names?—We are Li Lei and Han Meimei.
操练 11 ｜ Where do you live?
肯定I live in Beijing.我住在北京。
否定I don't live in Beijing.
疑问Where do you live?
单数I live in Beijing./In Beijing.
复数We live in Beijing.
操练 12 ｜ How old are you?
肯定I am eight.我八岁。
否定I am not eight.
疑问How old are you?
单数I am eight./Eight.
复数We are eight.
特殊疑问句不用 Yes / No 回答，第 ④ ⑤ 步读的是示范答句（单数用 I，复数用 we）。

05There be 句型

基本结构
There is + a / an / 不可数名词 + 地点 .
There are + 名词复数 + 地点 .
疑问句：Is / Are there + 名词 + 地点 ?
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 13 ｜ There is a book on the desk.
肯定There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
否定There isn't a book on the desk.
疑问Is there a book on the desk?
单数Yes, there is./No, there isn't.
复数Are there any books on the desk?—Yes, there are./No, there aren't.
操练 14 ｜ There are some birds in the tree.
肯定There are some birds in the tree.树上有一些鸟。
否定There aren't any birds in the tree.
疑问Are there any birds in the tree?
复数Yes, there are./No, there aren't.
单数Is there a bird in the tree?—Yes, there is./No, there isn't.
操练 15 ｜ There is a pen and two rulers in my pencil-box.（就近原则）
肯定There is a pen and two rulers in my pencil-box.文具盒里有一支钢笔和两把尺子。
否定There isn't a pen and two rulers in my pencil-box.
疑问Is there a pen and two rulers in your pencil-box?
单数Yes, there is./No, there isn't.（就近：a pen 在前，用 is）
复数Are there two rulers and a pen in your pencil-box?—Yes, there are./No, there aren't.（就近：two rulers 在前，用 are）
操练 15 的最后两行对比朗读，专门体会「就近原则」。

06祈使句

基本结构
肯定：动词原形 + 其他 .（常省略主语 you）
否定：Don't + 动词原形 + 其他 .
建议：Let's + 动词原形 + 其他 .
用法要点
朗读操练句组（适配形式）
操练 16 ｜ Open your book, please.
肯定Open your book, please.请打开书。
否定Don't open your book.不要打开书。
拓展Shall we open our books?—Yes, let's./OK.
操练 17 ｜ Don't run in the classroom.
肯定Run in the classroom.（形式操练，只读结构）
否定Don't run in the classroom.不要在教室里跑。
拓展Can we run in the classroom?—No, you can't./Yes, you can.
操练 18 ｜ Let's go to school together.
肯定Let's go to school together.我们一起去上学吧。
否定Let's not go to school together.
疑问Shall we go to school together?
回答Yes, let's./No, let's not.
说明Let's 本身已包含 we（我们），没有单复数变化。
祈使句的肯定形式只用于结构操练；真实课堂请说 Walk in the classroom, please.

07感叹句

基本结构
What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) !
How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) ! 口诀：What 后面跟名词，How 后面跟形 / 副。
用法要点
朗读操练句组（适配形式）
操练 19 ｜ What a beautiful flower!
陈述It is a beautiful flower.这是一朵漂亮的花。
感叹What a beautiful flower!多漂亮的花啊！
对比What a beautiful flower!↔How beautiful the flower is!
操练 20 ｜ How clever the boy is!
陈述The boy is clever.这个男孩很聪明。
感叹How clever the boy is!这个男孩真聪明啊！
对比How clever the boy is!↔What a clever boy!
操练 21 ｜ What good news!
陈述The news is good.这个消息很好。
感叹What good news!多好的消息啊！
对比What good news!↔How good the news is!（news 不可数，不加 a）
朗读感叹句时语调要上扬、带有感情。

08现在进行时

基本结构
肯定：主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他 .
否定：主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他 .
疑问：Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他 ?
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 22 ｜ I am reading a book now.
肯定I am reading a book now.我正在看书。
否定I am not reading a book now.
疑问Are you reading a book now?
单数Yes, I am./No, I am not.
复数Yes, we are./No, we are not.
操练 23 ｜ Look! The bus is coming.
肯定The bus is coming.公共汽车来了。
否定The bus isn't coming.
疑问Is the bus coming?
单数Yes, it is./No, it isn't.
复数Are the buses coming?—Yes, they are./No, they aren't.
操练 24 ｜ They are playing basketball.
肯定They are playing basketball.他们正在打篮球。
否定They aren't playing basketball.
疑问Are they playing basketball?
复数Yes, they are./No, they aren't.
单数Is he playing basketball?—Yes, he is./No, he isn't.

09一般现在时

基本结构
肯定：主语 + 动词原形；主语（三单）+ 动词-s / -es .
否定：主语 + don't / doesn't + 动词原形 .
疑问：Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 ?
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 25 ｜ I get up at six every day.
肯定I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
否定I don't get up at six every day.
疑问Do you get up at six every day?
单数Yes, I do./No, I don't.
复数Yes, we do./No, we don't.
操练 26 ｜ She goes to school by bus.
肯定She goes to school by bus.她乘公交车上学。
否定She doesn't go to school by bus.
疑问Does she go to school by bus?
单数Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
复数Do they go to school by bus?—Yes, they do./No, they don't.
操练 27 ｜ The sun rises in the east.
肯定The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
否定The sun doesn't rise in the east.（形式操练）
疑问Does the sun rise in the east?
单数Yes, it does./No, it doesn't.
复数Do they rise in the east?—Yes, they do./No, they don't.（换主语操练）
客观真理一般用 it 作答；最后一行把主语换成 they 做复数结构操练。

10一般过去时

基本结构
肯定：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 .
否定：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 .
疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ?
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 28 ｜ I watched TV yesterday evening.
肯定I watched TV yesterday evening.我昨晚看电视了。
否定I didn't watch TV yesterday evening.
疑问Did you watch TV yesterday evening?
单数Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
复数Yes, we did./No, we didn't.
操练 29 ｜ She was at home last Sunday.
肯定She was at home last Sunday.上周日她在家。
否定She wasn't at home last Sunday.
疑问Was she at home last Sunday?
单数Yes, she was./No, she wasn't.
复数Were they at home last Sunday?—Yes, they were./No, they weren't.
操练 30 ｜ We had a good time in the park.
肯定We had a good time in the park.我们在公园玩得很开心。
否定We didn't have a good time in the park.
疑问Did you have a good time in the park?
单数Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
复数Yes, we did./No, we didn't.
注意：didn't 后面动词还原（watch / have，不是 watched / had）。

11一般将来时

基本结构
① 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他 .（will not = won't）
② 主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他 .
用法要点
朗读操练句组
操练 31 ｜ I will visit my grandma tomorrow.
肯定I will visit my grandma tomorrow.我明天要去看奶奶。
否定I won't visit my grandma tomorrow.
疑问Will you visit your grandma tomorrow?
单数Yes, I will./No, I won't.
复数Yes, we will./No, we won't.
操练 32 ｜ It is going to rain.
肯定It is going to rain.要下雨了。
否定It isn't going to rain.
疑问Is it going to rain?
单数Yes, it is./No, it isn't.
复数Are you going to play football?—Yes, we are./No, we aren't.（换人称练复数问答）
操练 33 ｜ We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.
肯定We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.这个周日我们打算去野餐。
否定We aren't going to have a picnic this Sunday.
疑问Are you going to have a picnic this Sunday?
单数Yes, I am./No, I am not.
复数Yes, we are./No, we aren't.
it 表示天气时一般不做复数问答，操练 32 的第 ⑤ 步换成 you / we 练习复数形式。

12情态动词句型

基本结构
主语 + 情态动词（can / may / must / should ...）+ 动词原形 + 其他 .
否定：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 . 三不变：后跟动词原形、否定直接加 not、没有人称变化。
朗读操练句组
操练 34 ｜ I can speak English.
肯定I can speak English.我会说英语。
否定I can't speak English.
疑问Can you speak English?
单数Yes, I can./No, I can't.
复数Yes, we can./No, we can't.
操练 35 ｜ You may come in now.
肯定You may come in now.你现在可以进来。
否定You may not come in now.
疑问May I come in now?
单数Yes, you may./No, you may not.（也常说 No, you can't.）
复数May we come in now?—Yes, you may./No, you may not.
操练 36 ｜ You must finish your homework first.
肯定You must finish your homework first.你必须先完成作业。
否定You needn't finish your homework first.你不必先完成。
疑问Must I finish my homework first?
单数Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
复数Must we finish our homework first?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
must 的否定：needn't / don't have to 表示「不必」；mustn't 表示「禁止」。
操练 37 ｜ We should help each other.
肯定We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。
否定We shouldn't help each other.（否定形式操练）
疑问Should we help each other?
复数Yes, we should./No, we shouldn't.
单数Should he help others?—Yes, he should./No, he shouldn't.
第 ② 步只用于否定结构操练；真实语境说「不要嘲笑别人」：You shouldn't laugh at others.

★四大时态一页速查

时态结构公式常用标志词例句
一般现在时 动词原形 / 三单加-s usually, often, every day I go to school every day.
现在进行时 am / is / are + 动词-ing now, look!, listen! I am reading now.
一般过去时 动词过去式 yesterday, last week, ago I watched TV yesterday.
一般将来时 will / be going to + 动词原形 tomorrow, next week, soon I will go there tomorrow.

📌 复习与操练小贴士

  1. 先找标志词：now / yesterday / tomorrow 等词先定时态，再决定动词形式。
  2. 疑问句三兄弟提到句首：be 动词、do / does / did、情态动词。
  3. 否定句加 not 的位置：有 be 在 be 后，有情态在情态后，都没有就借助 don't / doesn't / didn't，动词还原。
  4. 操练方法：每组先齐读 3 遍；再「老师问 ③ → 单个学生答 ④ → 全班齐答 ⑤」；最后换人称自己编一组。
小学英语核心句型总结与朗读操练 · 供课堂操练与家庭辅导使用